BLOG # 13 –

30^TH NOVEMBER 2012

By Elizabeth Winterton and Aileen Sweeny

IT’S RAINING ELEPHANTS

After weeks of speculation, the rains are finally here. After 6 months of no rain, it’s a bit of a shock to have to don the rain coat every day, but at least it’s preparing me for the English weather I’ve got to look forward to in 3 weeks!

The first rains

Along with the rain, have come the elephants. After a rather noticeable absence around Kinda camp (on my part anyway, as I never seem to be in the right place at the right time) the elephants are back with 2 visits to Kinda already in the last week! So along with the 10 million fruit bats every morning and night, and the potential for a zebra to wander into camp at any moment (Kasanka have just released 9 into the park) we’re doing pretty well for animal sightings.

The Elephants

FIRST IMPRESSIONS OF KINDA CAMP

My name is Aileen and I will be taking over the role of Camp Manager at Kinda Baboon Project when Liz leaves in a few weeks. I have been at Kinda Camp for a month now and I love it. Of course, I had my concerns about coming out to the bush for a year, but those worries all rapidly disappeared during my first week here. Liz has made me feel so welcome, and she’s been a brilliant mentor.

My first impression of camp wasn’t until the morning of 30^th October as we had arrived the night before. It was different to how I’d imagined it, and yet somehow exactly how I’d imagined it! Camp has everything we need and I can see myself happily living here over the next year. I also got to meet the baboons when we went out that afternoon. I think they were possibly checking me out just as much as I was them, as they almost paraded passed us! It was incredible to see the white infant (Macy) and also the mixed coloured infant (Elton), as I’ve previously worked with Chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) and so I’m used to only seeing black infants.

Aileen & Liz in the field

My main role over the last few weeks has been learning to recognise the baboons individually. This is obviously the most vital part of the job, so that we know exactly which individual the data/sample is from. I am quite confident with most of the adult males and females now, so hopefully I will continue to learn them over the next couple of weeks.

Of course I have to mention the bats, as it’s not possible to come to Kasanka National Park in October/November and not mention them! Watching around 3 million straw-coloured fruit bats pour out into the evening sky from one small patch of forest on my first evening here was just mind-blowing. And their numbers have trebled since then! Every evening we see them; whether at camp or still in the field. I must say my first full day in Kasanka was amazing; exploring camp and Fibwe Hide in the morning, meeting the baboons in the afternoon and then watching the bats in the evening!

The bats at dawn

 Independence Day, New Arrivals, and a Theory of Kinda Baboon Natal Coat Color

Blog #12

By: Elizabeth Winterton

Independence Day – 24th October 2012

Chongololo Club Play:
As part of the project’s work at Kafinda Basic School we also participate in the schools ‘Chongololo
Club’. A government initiative, the clubs aim to increase awareness about conservation and
conservation issues.

This term, I asked the club to write a play about local conservation, focussing on some of the animals
found within Kasanka National Park and the neighbouring Bangweulu Wetlands. The animals chosen
were the elephant, sitatunga, straw-coloured fruit bat and the shoebill. As well as information about
the animal itself, such as physical characteristics, diet, and threats to its conservation, the students
wrote poems about conserving the animals, and were going to perform a poaching sketch and
various songs and dances.

The students chose to perform the play on Zambia National Independence Day, so after rounding-up
some of Kasanka’s volunteers and management team we set off for what we thought was going to
be an excellent play (I had seen a rehearsal, and it was great!).

Unfortunately after all the anticipation, and after watching a few hours of all the other school’s
clubs performing, it turned out that half of the Chongololo Club hadn’t turned up because they
were Jehovah Witnesses and didn’t celebrate Independence Day, so therefore the play couldn’t be
shown!! Bit of a disappointment.

So we’re still awaiting the actual play, and planning a date when they can come down to Kasanka to
perform it.Blog

One of the dances

Some of the costumes from the dress rehearsal

Netball Match:
After losing to the school’s team back in June, it was time for our Girl’s club to have revenge.

With a team made up of Selina, Charity, Victoria, Agness, Leah, Abia and Angela (a last-minute sub
for me) we were looking pretty good and got off to a great start. After being told I was only going to
play for 5 minutes in the 2nd half (apparently I didn’t impress with my last performance, but note I
was unwittingly at the start of a bout of malaria!), I actually surpassed all expectations and managed
to play for the full 15 minutes!! Unfortunately though my energetic burst didn’t help us too much,
and in the end we lost 13-6.

The winning shot

The Team: Selina, Me, Leah
Abia, Charity, Angela, Agness, Victoria

BATS, BATS AND MORE BATS

Kasanka is known for 2 things; the sitatunga, and the World’s largest mammal migration (in terms of
biomass). These mammals are the straw-coloured fruit bats, which arrive from the DRC towards the
end of October and roost in Kasanka until the beginning of January when they fly back to the DRC.

When I was told we’d have up to 10 million bats arriving I couldn’t quite comprehend what that
would look like, and now they are here it’s even harder to comprehend. Every evening around 6pm a
continual wave of bats fills the sky, and it’s one of the most amazing things I’ve ever witnessed.
Living at Fibwe, I’m lucky enough to see this spectacle every night as the bats roots only a few
kilometres away from camp, and it never fails to amaze.

The baboons don’t seem to be too disturbed by this sudden influx of mammals into their home
range, however the vehicles packed with tourists arriving at 4.30am each morning does seem to
be affecting their activity patterns with them now leaving the mushitu around 6am every morning
which means extremely early starts for us researchers!

The bats leaving their roost for a night of feeding (all the black dots are bats!)

NEW ARRIVALS

In the last few weeks we’ve had a few new additions to the project….
Firstly, I want to give a big warm welcome to Aileen Sweeney who is to be the new camp manager
for the coming year.

Secondly, the last baby for this year has been born! Indigo, the daughter of Norah has given birth to
her first child. A healthy black infant, this brings our total number of births this year to 12 (not bad
considering we only have 18 adult females in the troop!), with 5 white, 3 black, 1 grey and 3 mixed
infants.

Aileen at Kinda Camp

Indigo with her new baby, being groomed by Norah

THE GENETICS OF COLOUR

One thing that is so baffling about the Kindas is the huge variety of colour in infants. All other
baboon species have black infants, so why do Kindas also have white, grey and mixed coloured
infants? The white infants in particular stand out hugely in the forest and therefore appear to be
under much greater threat from predators, so what fitness benefits must there be to counteract
this? Another question raised is how are they different colours in the first place?

This question has perplexed me over the last week as I was 90% sure Indigo’s baby would be white
as 2 of her siblings (the other was born before research started) were born white, so I would assume
she was also born white and therefore would be a strong carrier for the gene.

But what about mixed and grey infants? They must be a mix of black and white genes, but why
would one infant have a black head and a white body, and another be completely grey? Could there
then be co-dominance or even multiple alleles??

After a thorough look through an A-level biology text book(!), and the assumption that grey is indeed
different to black and white, we (Myself and Aileen) have come up with the following theory…

Kinda baboon’s genes for colour have multiple alleles, with the black and white alleles being co-
dominant, and the grey allele being recessive to both the black and white alleles.

As an example; if a female is dominant for the black allele, but is a carrier of the grey allele, and her
male mating partner is dominant for the white allele and a carrier of the grey allele, you would get
the following ratio of offspring;  

1 mixed(black and white):1 white:1 black:1 grey

	Female
Male		IB	IG
	IW	IBIW	IWIG
	IG	IBIG	IGIG

If you assume grey is different to mixed you cannot get this distinction if black and white alleles were
just co-dominant as only a mixed infant could be born.

White (MJ’s infant)

Black (Indigo’s infant)

Mixed (Ella’s infant)

Grey (Roseanne’s infant)

Anyone want to fund the research so we can find out whether our theory is correct!?? Maybe this
could lead to the Kindas being classed as a species in their own right rather than just a sub-species…

*** Side note from Anna...The Kasanka Baboon Project considers Kinda Baboons to be its own species.

Blog #11

The Girl’s Overnight to Kinda

Written by Kasanka Baboon Project Womens Science Club

It was on the 19^th September when we went to Kinda Camp. We started off from Mulaushi around 14hrs when Bastiaan the driver came to pick us up. When we reached Kinda, Liz welcomed us all and gave us water and tea. After we went to see some sitatungas on a simple ladder within Kinda’s surrounding area. After, we all went into the bush to learn about animal tracks. We learnt a lot of things; how one can identify which animal has passed, whose droppings are whose and lots of other things

Watching the baboons

Bastiaan teaching us about animal tracks

After all this, we came back to camp where we had lots of fun. Around 19.30 we had dinner, and afterwards watched a movie and went to sleep.

 Cooking dinner

 

 The finished meal

Very early in the morning we went on a game drive where we saw lots of animals; sitatunga, warthog, bushbuck, baboons and so on. We also saw birds flying in the sky. When we came back from the game drive we had breakfast, and afterwards received a certificate each saying we had completed the animal tracks course. Around 11.00hrs we left Kinda and set off for home.

The start of the game drive   

x

After receiving our certificates

BLOG # 10 – 27^th September 2012

By: Elizabeth Winterton

A bad week for the baboons

In my last blog I mentioned our oldest female, L.P., was not looking so healthy after developing a tumour in her cheek pouch. Well it seems I was the kiss of death as she now hasn’t been seen since the 10^th September. Although she does disappear from time to time it is unusual for her not to be seen for this long, so I fear she may have died. 

With the probable death of L.P. there were further shocks in the baboon troop this week with Sarah, her 2 month old infant Slash, and Garcia all disappearing on the 15^th September. All 3 seemed healthy, so presumably they were either killed by our resident leopard, or by poachers. Although Garcia could have migrated to another group it seems unlikely as he is one of the 4 high-ranking males, and he is almost certainly the father of Indigo’s baby. He also has a regular mating partner in Yoko who is thought to be Sarah’s 4 year old daughter.

After spending so much time with the troop this last year it is obviously a sad time for me that we appear to have had so many die within a matter of days. However, the baboons seem to show no compassion at all and are merrily getting along with their socialising and feeding, and do not seem saddened at all by the recent losses of the troop. Muma already seems to be eyeing up Indigo as a potential new girlfriend and Yoko has chosen Ella to be her new best friend, so where she used to spend the majority of her time with Sarah she now spends her days by Ella’s side trying to hug her baby!

L.P.

Sarah and Sufjan

 Garcia

Yoko grooming Ella

Girl’s overnight – 19^th/20^th October.

Each year the girls in the conservation club come for an overnight at Kinda Camp and have a game drive down the Kasanka River. This year we had 6 girls come down to camp accompanied by Kasanka’s community outreach workers Mwati and Given, Marcel Inge’s brother, and Erik the intern student.

With Bastiaan acting as guide, the girls had a lesson on animal tracks in the afternoon, followed by a lesson from me on how to bake a Victoria Sponge cake! After a great evening of good food and a movie we got up early the next morning to check out the sitatungas from the Fibwe Hide and go on the game drive. Unfortunately we didn’t see too many animals, but it was enjoyable none-the-less.

I won’t say too much more as the girl’s will be writing their own blog on the overnight in their next computer lesson.

 

The overnight crew with their certificates

BLOG # 9 – 12^th September 2012

By: Elizabeth Winterton

THE FATE OF EMIGRANT MALES

In most cases, the fate of emigrant males is unknown. We don’t know if they survived their transfer, whether they are mating successfully, or what troop they now belong to.

In all baboon species when males reach sexual maturity, normally around 8 years of age, they leave their natal troop to go in search of mating opportunities with unrelated females. So, back in March with sexual maturity reached Leon left the troop, shortly followed by JK and Cat in April.

Since then they haven’t been seen; that was until last week. Whilst trying to locate our study group we came across the troop of 100 whose home range overlaps with that of the study troops. With an estimated 15 adult males in their group we were surprised to notice 2 very familiar looking faces. Although a little bit bulkier than when we last saw them, they were definitely Cat and Leon. We only got to see them for a few minutes, but they still appeared to be hanging out together and were fully integrated into the troop.

Hopefully in the coming years we will habituate this second group, and get to find out how well our baboons are thriving in their new troop

Leon relaxing in his new troop

PREPARATIONS

As my time as camp manager is coming to an end in the next few months preparations are under way for my replacement, which means it’s time for the camp to have a facelift. As the matete has now been harvested this meant we could rebuild the second shower and finish off the roof over the second tent. This also fortunately coincides with the arrival of Erik, a University student who is coming to intern with the project for a few months. 

        The roof after completion

          The shower being re-built

OUR LITTLE OLD LADY

It appears in many baboon troops within Kasanka there rarely seems to be any obviously old members. In general, baboons will live between 15 and 25 years and I would estimate the oldest baboons I’ve seen in other troops would be 17 to 18 years old.

In our study troop however we have one female who is distinctly older than the rest (I’m guessing around 20 years old), our little old lady, L.P. Seemingly the lowest ranking female in the troop she is rarely seen interacting with other troop members apart from Janis.

Over the last few months since Jojo’s death, and therefore the demise of her occasional male grooming partner, L.P. seems to have gotten more fragile and has developed a tumour in her right cheek pouch. Despite this she still seems to be doing okay although we can go days without seeing her. Fortunately the tumour doesn’t appear to be hindering her feeding habits too much so let’s hope she keeps going for a while longer yet, although with the leopard spoor we found near one of the sleeping sites last week she will have to keep her wits about her. 

L.P. with Jojo

        L.P. with her tumour

MORE NEW BABIES

Last time I said we were expecting 2 more babies in the next few weeks. Dolly, who I expected to give birth at the end of August still hasn’t had a baby, however Ella has. She gave birth to a mixed coloured infant (black head, white body) on the 7^th September. So far the baby seems to be doing great and Ella is already commanding the attention of quite a few of the females.

Patsy who was not expected to give birth until the latter half of the month has also had her baby. Born on the 10^th September we now have another black infant.This now brings our total this year so far to 11 babies with 5 white, 1 grey, 2 black and 3 mixed.

During the first few days after birth it seems most females don’t like to have their other children around, and both Elvis and Pearl, Ella and Patsy’s respective children who were born last year, who were almost guaranteed to be sat with their mother’s in the mushitu every morning, have been banished.

     Ella with her new infant Etta

Sufjan (mixed), Patsy with her new infant (black), Yoko, MJ and MJ’s infant (white)

BLOG #8 – 30TH AUGUST 2012

BLOG #8 – 30^TH AUGUST 2012

Elizabeth Winterton

EARLY MORNING WAKE-UP CALL

When I was preparing myself for coming out to Africa I started reading Anna's blog. One particular entry stuck in my mind and it was the account of the elephants roaming around camp early one morning, and ever since I’ve hoped to have this experience too.

If you've read any of my previous blogs you will know back in July I had the fortune of an elephant visiting me in camp during lunch-time. However, apart from the occasional rumble and snap near the tent in the middle of the night, I've never been fortunate enough to see them at camp early morning until last Saturday.

Planning on having an extra 15 minutes in bed before work I was awoken at 5.30 by a low rumble outside the tent. Ever curious I cautiously peeped my head outside to have a look, and 30m from me was a huge bull elephant happily munching on a monkey bread tree.

Typically that night I had put my camera battery on charge, so as there was no wind I crept to the dining room to grab my battery snapping a few photos and attempting to get some video footage on my way back to the safety of the tent.  Unfortunately the elephants didn't hang around for too long, but it was truly amazing to see them so relaxed & up close.

Elephant at camp early morning

CHANGING PLACES

Since the demise of Jojo there has definitely been some shifting of rank taking place within the Fibwe group with seemingly more aggression, some of which directed at us (I'm not sure whether to be flattered they think we're baboons, or slightly concerned!). Mr Cookies, the oldest and biggest male in the troop seems to have taken a fancy to fighting anyone, and is usually joined (either with or against) Otis and Short Tail. Whether this increased aggression has something to do with the rapidly increasing infant population I'm not sure.

Something else which has changed is the female-female relationships, with females seemingly becoming 'friends' because of their recent foray into motherhood. For example, Godiva who seemed pretty lonely before is now commanding the majority of female attention, and Janis who was the 2nd lowest ranking female only to be seen with L.P. is now friends with Ella and even tries to hang out with the likes of Clover who is much more highly ranked than her!

With Ella, Dolly and the high rankers of Patsy and Indigo still to give birth, I'm pretty sure there are more changes to come.

Dolly, Dylan, Aretha, Axel, Godiva and Guns

NOT A GOOD DAY TO BE A BLUE MONKEY

On the 27th August we were happily watching the baboon troop, when all of a sudden the troop started barking and going crazy. After originally thinking they had come into contact with the other troop of 100 which shares some of their home area, we were shocked to see Mr Cookies leading some of the males in hot pursuit of an adult male blue monkey seemingly trying to kill it!

After managing to grab it once, the blue monkey somehow managed to escape & flee without getting injured.

This is the first time I've seen the baboons chasing something so large, so it was pretty amazing!

Usually the kindas and blue monkeys appear to live in relative harmony, using the same sleeping sites, but after the previous day’s battle I was surprised to see the blue monkeys at the same mushitu as the baboons the following morning.

Blue Monkeys

BLOG # 7 – 21st August 2012

BLOG # 7 – 21^st August 2012

Elizabeth Winterton

MJ has a baby

On the 16^th August MJ gave birth to healthy white infant. We were fortunate to be there only a couple of hours after birth when the babies eyes hadn’t even opened fully yet. MJ spent the morning grooming her new infant surrounded by her other children, Madonna and Mowgli.  After ditching MJ for Clover when she had her infant, it will be interesting to see whether Mr Wizard will go back to MJ and help care for the infant which is suspected to be his. 

MJ with Mowgli, her new infant, and Madonna.

Conservation Club/ Summer School News

Throughout August, myself and staff at the conservation centre are giving lessons to Grade 8 and 9 students from Kafinda Basic School to help improve their understanding of certain topics. With big enthusiasm I travelled up to Mulaushi on Friday expecting to teach a class of 20 with the help of the girls from the Conservation Club. Unfortunately we were disappointed with only 1 student turning up. However we still went ahead with the lesson and the girls helped teach about plant cell structure, photosynthesis and transpiration. With a lesson packed full of experiments, Leah, the student from Kafinda, got to test a leaf for starch, watch stomata, and even use a microscope to view onion plant cells.

Charity, Agness and Victoria demonstrating the starch test

This lesson was followed up by the girl’s Conservation Club lesson. This week Jesse, the local Peace Corps volunteer, came to teach the girls about HIV and Aids. With around 20% of people in Zambia living with HIV the lesson was extremely valuable. I am hoping that in October we can travel to Kafinda and the girls can teach the Grade 8 and 9 students and raise awareness of how to prevent HIV.

Jesse teaching the girls about HIV & Aids

The Life of a Baboon Researcher: Part III

It’s not all baboons. A little bit of Africa…

My two favourite things about travelling to a new country are markets and food. Markets because you can buy local crafts & paintings (as well as food!), but most of all you can interact and chat with the charming locals as they try & sell you things at 3 times the actual price just because you're a Muzungu. If there's 1 rule I've learnt in Africa it’s this; everything is a multiple of 3. If you think something will take you 1hr, it will take you 3, if you're offered something to buy, divide the price by 3. There also appears to be no more than 3 degrees of separation. Everyone knows everyone, or at least the wife of the cousin of the brother etc. If someone says they have malaria, there’s a 30% chance they have malaria (although the clinic will disagree); it’s most likely a cold.

This rule of 3 (particularly the time rule) is pretty much a daily occurrence so one of the greatest things I’ve learnt over the last 8 months is patience. Something I haven’t yet learnt to cope with though is the bus station in Lusaka…

After doing the 3 month shop you struggle out of the taxi to be surrounded by men barraging you with “Where are you going?, Where are you going? How are you? Livingstone, you going to Livingstone? Kasama? Livingstone? Mama, why are you ignoring me, where are you going!!?” Even after firmly acknowledging you do not need help and know where you’re going the jostling doesn’t stop until you finally arrived in the bus queue. After the dodgy man comes round making you pay extra for your luggage (and then pocketing the money after taking half the passengers off the bus at Kapiri to avoid paying a fine for overloading), and the bus workers somehow managing to fit hundreds of bags neatly under the bus (surprisingly in some kind of logical order), you’re squished into your designated seat. You then promptly shut your eyes for the rollercoaster journey of speeding, harsh braking, overtaking on blind corners, horn honking and of course the obligatory preacher and gospel music. An experience not to be missed.

Something else not to be missed is the food. As I mentioned earlier, one of my favourite things is trying out new food, and coming to Africa I was pretty certain I would be treated to a fantastic variety. Unfortunately this is not the case in Zambia. Breakfast is either rice with sugar, or a porridge made from maize meal. Lunch and Dinner are comprised of nshima with relish (a gelatinous lump of maize meal accompanied by veg, very fishy fried fish, or a meat stew). It’s actually pretty tasty if you get a good relish, and extremely cheap. Other delights include fritters (similar to donughts with no jam), caterpillars, termites and cassava (I’m yet to try the latter 3). Fortunately, Desmond the camp attendant is a whiz in the kitchen and conjures up tasty meals of pasta, curry, lentils, pizza and tortillas. He’s also a great bread baker and I’m currently teaching him cakes and pastry. Luckily the copious walking helps stave off the weight gain!

Despite the transport issues and rule of 3, Zambia is a wonderful place to live. When camp gets a bit too peaceful you can escape to the hectic delights of Lusaka, and when all that gets too much (usually after 2 or 3 days!) you can come back, watch baboons all day, and sit under the stars.

The Arts and Crafts Market in Lusaka